Migrate NextCloud, WordPress & V2ray from Debian Linux to Rocky Linux with SELinux Enabled, from Caddy v1 to v2

1. Pack Data & Configuration

1.1 Create a Directory for Storing Backup Files

mkdir /home/backup

1.2 Pack Website Files

# backup wordpress data
tar -cjvf /home/backup/wordpress.tar.bz2 /var/www/wordpress

# backup Nextcloud data
tar -cjvf /home/backup/nextcloud.tar.bz2 /var/www/nextcloud

1.3 Pack MySQL Data

# backup wordpress database
mysqldump -u root -p db_wordpress > /home/backup/db_wordpress.dump

# backup nextcloud database
mysqldump -u root -p db_nextcloud > /home/backup/db_nextcloud.dump

1.4 Pack Configuration

# backup caddy v1 configuration
tar -cjvf /home/backup/caddy_config.tar.bz2 /etc/caddy \
    /etc/systemd/system/caddy.service \
    `which caddy`

# backup v2ray configuration
tar -cjvf /home/backup/v2ray_config.tar.bz2 /etc/v2ray \
    /etc/systemd/system/v2ray.service \
    `which v2ray`

# backup php configuration
tar -cjvf /home/backup/php_config.tar.bz1 /etc/php*

1.5 Pack Backup Directory

# change the name to whatever you want
tar -cjvf /home/bakup_from_old_server.tar.bz2 /home/backup

2. Migrate Data to Another Server

2.1 Transfer the File with 'scp'

scp -P PORT /home/backup_from_old_server.tar.bz2 root@NEW_SERVER:/home

2.2 Or Transfer File with 'rsync'

rsync -av --progress \
    -e 'ssh -p PORT' /home/backup_from_old_server.tar.bz2
    root@NEW_SERVER:/home

# rsync needs to be installed on the new server

3. Install & Configure Apps on New Server

3.1 Caddy v2

3.1.1 Install Caddy v2

dnf update
dnf install 'dnf-command(copr)'
dnf copr enable @caddy/caddy
dnf update && dnf install caddy -y

3.1.2 Configure Caddyfile & sites

coming soon or never...

3.2 Remi PHP v8.1

# Rocky Linux default php8.1 module from AppStream
# has conflict issues between php-common and php-pecl-imagick
# the 2rd one is necessary for some WordPress themes

dnf install \
    dnf-utils http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-9.rpm

dnf module list php
dnf module reset php
dnf module enable php:remi-8.1

dnf install php php-fpm php-cli php-intl 
    php-zip php-mysqlnd php-gd php-xml \
    php-posix php-apcu php-pecl-imagick

# configure php-fpm
sed -i \
    -e '/^user\ =/s/^.*$/user = caddy/1' \
    -e '/^group =/s/^.*$/group = caddy/1' \
    -e '/^listen.acl_users.*/s/^.*$/listen.acl_group = caddy/1' \
    /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

# start php-fpm service
systemctl enable php-fpm
systemctl restart php-fpm

3.3 MySQL or MariaDB

3.3.1 Install MySQL

# MySQL is installed in this case
dnf install mysql-server
systemctl enable mysqld && systemctl start mysqld

3.3.2 Create MySQL Databases & Users

# connect to MySQL
mysql -u root -p

# In this case, database for WordPress is 'db_wordpress',
# Database for nextcloud is 'db_nextcloud';
# User for WordPress is 'user_wordpress',
# User for NextCloud is 'user_nextcloud'.
# Password for user_wordpress is 'password_wp'
# Password for user_nextcloud is 'password_nc'

mysql> create database db_wordpress default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
mysql> create user 'user_wordpress'@'localhost' identified by 'password_wp';
mysql> grant all on db_wordpress.* to 'user_wordpress'@'localhost' identified by 'password_wp';
mysql> grant all privileges on db_wordpress.* to 'user_wordpress'@'localhost' with grant option;

mysql> create database db_nextcloud default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
mysql> create user 'user_nextcloud'@'localhost' identified by 'password_nc';
mysql> grant all on db_nextcloud.* to 'user_nextcloud'@'localhost' identified by 'password_nc';
mysql> grant all privileges on db_nextcloud.* to 'user_nextcloud'@'localhost' with grant option;

mysql> flush privileges;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

4. Restore Data File

4.1 Unpack Backup File

tar -xjvf /home/backup_from_old_server.tar.bz2 -C /home/

4.2 Genenate Caddy Configuration

4.3 Modify PHP Configuration

vi /etc/php.ini

# Before
file_uploads => Off
max_file_uploads => 2
memory_limit => 128M
upload_max_filesize => 2M

# After
file_uploads => On
max_file_uploads => 20
memory_limit => 512M
upload_max_filesize => 5G

4.4 Restore MySQL Data

mysql -u root -p db_wordpress < /home/backup/db_wordpress.dump
mysql -u root -p db_nextcloud < /home/backup/db_nextcloud.dump

4.5 Restore v2ray Configuration & command

cp /home/backup/usr/local/bin/v2ray /usr/local/bin
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/v2ray

cp -r /home/backup/etc/v2ray /etc/

cp /path/to/backup/v2ray.service /etc/systemd/system
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable v2ray && systemctl start v2ray

5. Configure Firewall & SELinux

5.1 Firewalld

5.1.1 Enable Firewalld Service

systemctl enable firewalld
systemctl restart firewalld

5.1.2 Check Current Configuration

firewall-cmd --list-all

5.1.3 Open Port 443 on firewall

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=443/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all | grep 443

5.2 Selinux

5.2.1 Enable Selinux

sed -i \ 
    '/^SELINUX=/s/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=enforcing/1' /etc/selinux/config

setenforce 1
getenforce 

5.2.2 Configure Selinux for NextCloud

# modify the path to fit your situation
nc_path='/path/to/nextcloud'

semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t $nc_path/data(/.*)?
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t $nc_path/config(/.*)?
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t $nc_path/apps(/.*)?
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t $nc_path/.htaccess
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t $nc_path/.user.ini
semanage fcontext -a -t \
    httpd_sys_rw_content_t \
    $nc_path/3rdparty/aws/aws-sdk-php/src/data/logs(/.*)?

restorecon -Rv $nc_path

5.2.3 Configure Selinux for WordPress

wp_path='/path/to/wordpress'

semanage fcontext -a -t \
    httpd_sys_rw_content_t $wp_path/wp-content(/.*)?

php_files='
xmlrpc.php
wp-blog-header.php
readme.html
wp-signup.php
index.php
wp-cron.php
wp-config-sample.php
wp-login.php
wp-settings.php
license.txt
wp-mail.php
wp-links-opml.php
wp-load.php
wp-activate.php
wp-trackback.php
wp-comments-post.php
'

for i in `echo $php_files`;
do 
    semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t $i; 
done

restorecon -Rv $wp_path

6. Verify Server Status

6.1 Caddy Status

systemctl status caddy

6.2 V2ray Status

systemctl status v2ray

6.3 MySQL Status

systemctl status mysqld

6.4 Open NextCloud & WordPress URL with Lynx

dnf install lynx -y

lynx https://your.wordpress.url
lynx https://your.nextcloud.url